February 14, 1985: Neptunia, a Liberian tanker, hit in the engine room by an Iraqi Exocet.January, 1984: Iraqis escalate their naval war effort and Iran responds by beginning their naval war effort.December 18, 1982: Greek tanker, Scapmount hit by an Iraqi Exocet, becomes the first tanker to become CTL in the Tanker War.While loading oil at Kharg Island, it is damaged by Iraqi bombs. May 30, 1982: Atlas I, a Turkish oil tanker, becomes the first tanker to be hit during the war.October 7, 1980: Iraq declares that Gulf Water along the Iranian coast north of 29.03N a prohibited war zone.
Iran's attacks caused little physical damage to ships, but successful hits on ships' accommodation areas sometimes killed or wounded crew, interrupting transits. Anti-armor missiles are designed to penetrate thick plating on tanks, an irrelevant ability for attacks on ships. For example, Iran used air-to-surface missiles intended to attack armored land vehicles, including Mavericks and AS 12s " much smaller targets than even relatively small ships. Because Iran did not have many effective anti-ship cruise missiles during 1984-1986, it was forced to use creative tactics when targeting ships. The arrival of French Super-Etendard combat aircraft, also armed with Exocet missiles, offered the Iraqis more range. Between 19, Iranian forces generally held their fire at sea.īut in 1984 Iraq escalated its effort, marking the second phase of the Tanker War. Iraq used its air power to enforce its threats, primarily Super Frelon helicopters, F-1 Mirage and MiG-23 fighters armed with Exocet anti-ship cruise missiles. The first phase of the Tanker war began in May 1981, when Iraq declared that all ships going to or from Iranian ports in the northern zone of the Gulf were subject to attack. Iran retaliated by attacking ships belonging to Iraq's trading partners and to countries that loaned Iraq money to support its war effort. In 1981, Iraq began attacks on ships to weaken Iran's ability to fight, initially attacking ships carrying military supplies to the groundwar front and later attacking ships carrying Iran's exports. The anti-shipping campaigns during the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) are known as the Tanker War. Mike Lewis Prize for National Security Law Scholarship.Central America and Mexico Policy Initiative.Space Security, Safety, and Sustainability.Technology, Security, and Global Affairs.
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